# Plumbing & Drainage

> Plumbing and drainage covers a building's hot and cold water supply, soil, waste and rainwater drainage, venting, sanitary fixtures and pumping. Most failures after handover come from drainage falls and venting rather than leaks, so correct falls, vents, compatible pipe materials and pressure testing are decided at installation.

## What we deliver

**Cold and hot water supply, drainage and venting, sanitary fixtures, and
pumping** for offices, hotels, hospitals, factories and institutional buildings —
installed, pressure tested and handed over.

Plumbing is the service nobody notices until it goes wrong, and when it does, it
is usually concealed inside a finished floor or wall. The work that prevents that
happens at installation: falls, venting, supports and testing.

## Scope of works

| Stage | What we deliver |
| --- | --- |
| Design | Fixture schedule, water demand, pipe sizing, riser strategy |
| Water supply | Cold and hot water distribution, valves, meters |
| Drainage | Soil, waste and rainwater lines with correct falls |
| Venting | Vent stacks and branch vents |
| Fixtures | Sanitary ware, CP fittings, pantry and wet area connections |
| Pumping | Transfer and pressure boosting pumps where required |
| Testing | Pressure test on supply, water test on drainage |
| Handover | As-built drawings, test records |

## Where projects go wrong

- **Insufficient drainage fall.** Slow drainage and blockages, discovered after
  the floor is finished.
- **Venting omitted or undersized.** Traps siphon, and the smell arrives in the
  occupied space.
- **Pressure testing skipped.** Leaks are then found in finished ceilings.
- **Risers located late on a fit-out.** Wet areas end up where drainage can
  reach, not where the layout needed them.
- **Incompatible pipe materials at joints.** A frequent and avoidable cause of
  failure.

## Why Hagerstone

**15 plumbers and 15 fitters in-house**, with pipe threading, cutting, bending
and pressure testing equipment owned rather than hired — and plumbing delivered
alongside the interiors and firefighting it has to coordinate with.

**79+ quality checkpoints** under ISO 9001 / 14001 / 45001.

## Standards referenced

Plumbing services under **NBC 2016, Part 9**. Basic requirements for water
supply, drainage and sanitation to **IS 1172**.

## Frequently asked questions

### What causes most plumbing problems after handover?

Drainage falls and venting, far more often than leaks. A drain laid with too little fall, or without proper venting, drains slowly, gurgles, blocks and smells — and it is concealed in a floor or wall by the time anyone notices. These are decided during installation and are very hard to correct once finished.

### Which pipe material should be used?

It depends on the service. CPVC and PPR are common for hot and cold water supply in commercial buildings; uPVC and HDPE for drainage; GI and MS still appear on larger mains and firefighting. The choice turns on pressure, temperature, fire rating and what is concealed where — and mixing incompatible materials at joints is a frequent source of failure.

### Do office fit-outs need much plumbing?

Less than industrial or hospitality work, but the pantry, washrooms, and any wet areas added to a floor all need supply, drainage and venting connected to the base-build risers — often at a point the landlord did not anticipate. Locating those risers and confirming spare capacity early prevents the pantry ending up where the drainage can reach rather than where it was planned.

## Sources

- [NBC 2016, Part 9](https://www.bis.gov.in/standards/national-building-code/?lang=en) — Plumbing services
- [IS 1172](https://standards.bis.gov.in/website/published-standards/department-wise) — Code of basic requirements for water supply, drainage and sanitation

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Source: https://hagerstone.com/services/mep/plumbing-and-drainage